THE FATE OF NUTRIENTS DURING FIRES IN A TROPICAL SAVANNA

The nutrient loads contained in the grassy fuel before fires, and of ash subsequently, were compared to determine the fluxes of macronutrients, copper and zinc during fires at Kapalga in Kakadu National Park. The fluxes were estimated in three vegetation types: forest, woodland and open woodland. The magnitudes of the fluxes were greatest in the forest community where grassy fuel loads were highest at about 6.3 t ha(-1). In these sites, 54-94% of all measured nutrients in the fuel were transferred to the atmosphere during the fires. For each nutrient, the proportion transferred to the atmosphere as entrained ash was calculated-by assuming that calcium was not volatilized during the fires. If the transfer of entrained ash represents local redistribution only, then rainfall accession and the deposition of these particulates should replace most of the losses of all nutrients except nitrogen (N). Estimated rates of biological fixation of N appear to be insufficient to replace the annual losses of N. It is therefore concluded that a regime of annual fires that completely burn the available grassy fuel would deplete N reserves in these savannas, unless there are other sources of biologically fixed N, which are unknown at present.