Circadian variations in the levels of prostaglandins (PGs) D-2, E(2), and F-2 alpha were studied in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats. We collected CSF samples from the cisterna magna of anesthetized rats at different clock-hours (1000, 1400, 1800, 2200, 0200, and 0600 hr), and measured the concentrations of the three PGs. PGD(2), which appeared to be the most abundant among the three, showed a circadian variation; and the mean of the day-time levels (145 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that of the nighttime ones (111 pg/ml). Day/night variations were also noticed with the levels of PGE(2) and PGF(2 alpha); however, these levels remained 3-4 times lower than those of PGD(2). The general day/night variation seen in the CSF concentration of PGD(2) conforms well with the postulated role of PGD(2) as an endogenous sleep-promoting factor acting on a certain brain surface area defined as its site of action. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.