LONG-TERM CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION AND DEPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY OVER SCANDINAVIA

被引:79
作者
IVERFELDT, A [1 ]
MUNTHE, J [1 ]
BROSSET, C [1 ]
PACYNA, J [1 ]
机构
[1] INST AIR POLLUT RES,N-2007 KJELLER,NORWAY
关键词
D O I
10.1007/BF01189672
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Samples for measurements of total gaseous mercury (Hg) in air have been collected since 1980 in south-western part of Scandinavia, A collection program for precipitation samples used to determine changes in depositional fluxes of total Hg has been in operation since 1987. A comparison of today's total gaseous Hg levels in air and the total Hg concentrations in precipitation with the ones found earlier, shows a clear decrease with time. At the Swedish west-coast, yearly average air concentrations and median levels of 3.3 and 3.1 (1980-1984), 3.2 and 2.8 (1985-1989), and 2.7 and 2.6 ng Hg/m(3) (1990-1992), respectively, were found. Increased average and median winter concentrations were always found, with levels at 3.7 and 3.4, 3.7 and 3.3, and 3.0 and 2.7 ng Hg/m(3) for the respective time period. Higher winter values were expected due to increased anthropogenic emissions and changes in the mixing height of the atmosphere. The corresponding total wet deposition rates decreased from 27 (1987-1989) to 10 mu g Hg/m(2) yr. (1990-1999). A finding of special interest was the decreased number of episodic events of high total gaseous Hg levels in air, from 1990 and further on. In addition, the frequency distribution of the concentrations of Hg in air seems to be different for these years compared to the other two time periods. A frequency distribution of air concentrations of Hg more resembling a normal distribution was found for the years 1990 to 1992. The decrease of the atmospheric burden of total gaseous Hg and deposition of total Hg are most probably connected to lower emissions in source areas on the European continent. It seems logical to state that the problem of high Hg depositional fluxes to Scandinavia, is best solved by abatement strategies on the regional scale.
引用
收藏
页码:227 / 233
页数:7
相关论文
共 15 条
[1]   INTERACTION OF SOLID GOLD WITH MERCURY IN AMBIENT AIR [J].
BROSSET, C ;
IVERFELDT, A .
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION, 1989, 43 (1-2) :147-168
[2]   THE BEHAVIOR OF MERCURY IN THE PHYSICAL-ENVIRONMENT [J].
BROSSET, C .
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION, 1987, 34 (02) :145-166
[3]  
BROSSET C, 1982, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V17, P37
[4]   MERCURY IN PRECIPITATION AND AMBIENT AIR A NEW SCENARIO [J].
BROSSET, C ;
LORD, E .
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION, 1991, 56 :493-506
[5]  
Driscoll CT, 1994, SCOPE 51 BIOGEOCHEMI, P51
[6]   AN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN SOURCE OF ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY [J].
FITZGERALD, WF ;
GILL, GA ;
KIM, JP .
SCIENCE, 1984, 224 (4649) :597-599
[7]  
HULTBERG H, 1994, IN PRESS MERCURY GLO
[8]   OCCURRENCE AND TURNOVER OF ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY OVER THE NORDIC COUNTRIES [J].
IVERFELDT, A .
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION, 1991, 56 :251-265
[9]   MERCURY IN FOREST CANOPY THROUGHFALL WATER AND ITS RELATION TO ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION [J].
IVERFELDT, A .
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION, 1991, 56 :553-564
[10]  
IVERFELDT A, 1993, MAY EPA A WMA S MEAS