EFFECTS OF ASSIGNED VERSUS PARTICIPANT-SET GOALS ON SKILL ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF A SELECTED SHOOTING TASK

This study investigated the effect of three goal-setting conditions on skill acquisition and retention of a selected shooting task. Utilizing a two-stage random-sampling technique, nine classes (N = 138 subjects) were assigned to one of three conditions: (a) assigned specific goals, (b) participant-set specific goals, and (c) generalized do-your-best goals. The pretest and five skill acquisition trials were analyzed in a 3 x 6 (Goal groups x Trials) MANOVA design with repeated measures on the last factor. The procedure for the retention trial resulted in a 3 x 1 (Goal groups x Trial) ANOVA design. Results indicated a significant groups-by-trials interaction. The follow-up analyses revealed that the two specific goal-setting groups (assigned and participant-set goals) were significantly superior to the do-your-best group during the second, fourth, fifth, and retention trials.