In order to compare lateralization and the detection of noise masked signals under conditions of antiphasic masking, subjects were instructed to indicate the lateral displacement of signals presented at five levels of signal to noise ratio. The signals were 500 Hz 100 msec bursts of tone heard in a wide band noise mask. A “likelihood ratio” analysis of lateralization data allowed a direct comparison between detection based on lateralized differences and detection obtained in a standard two interval forced choice detection experiment. It was found that the measure of detection based on lateralization is nearly the same as that actually obtained in the conventional detection experiment. © 1969, Acoustical Society of America. All rights reserved.