TOXICITY OF COPPER TO CUTTHROAT TROUT (SALMO-CLARKI) UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF ALKALINITY, PH, AND HARDNESS

被引:129
作者
CHAKOUMAKOS, C
RUSSO, RC
THURSTON, RV
机构
[1] Department of Chemistry, University of Maine at Farmington, Farmington
[2] Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es60150a013
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Median lethal concentration (96-h LC50) values for acute copper toxicity to 3-10-g cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) have been determined for nine different combinations of alkalinity, hardness, and pH. Equilibrium calculations were performed on the copper LC50 values; seven different soluble species of copper were considered: Cu2+, CuOH+, Cu(OH)20, Cu2- (OH)22+, CuHCO3+ CuCO30;, and Cu(CO3)22-. The acute toxicity of copper was inversely correlated with water hardness and alkalinity. At a given alkalinity, hardness determined the LC50; at a given hardness, alkalinity determined the LC50. At a given alkalinity and hardness, the concentrations of the copper species were determined by the pH of the water. Under the conditions tested, Cu2+, CuOH+, Cu(OH)20, and Cu2(OH)22+ were toxic forms of copper to cutthroat trout; CuHCO3+, CuCO30, and Cu(CO3)22- were not toxic. Results of 11 96-h copper toxicity bioassays on 1- to 26-g rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) under uniform water chemistry conditions are also reported. © 1979, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
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页码:213 / 219
页数:7
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