ON THE STRUCTURE AND ORIGIN OF MAJOR GLACIATION CYCLES 1. LINEAR RESPONSES TO MILANKOVITCH FORCING

被引:717
作者
Imbrie, J. [1 ]
Boyle, E. A. [2 ]
Clemens, S. C. [1 ]
Duffy, A. [1 ]
Howard, W. R. [3 ]
Kukla, G. [3 ]
Kutzbach, J. [4 ]
Martinson, D. G. [3 ]
McIntyre, A. [3 ]
Mix, A. C. [5 ]
Molfino, B. [3 ]
Morley, J. J. [3 ]
Peterson, L. C. [6 ]
Pisias, N. G. [5 ]
Prell, W. L. [1 ]
Raymo, M. E. [2 ]
Shackleton, N. J. [7 ]
Toggweiler, J. R. [8 ]
机构
[1] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[2] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[3] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA
[4] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res & Space Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[5] Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[6] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA
[7] Godwin Lab Quaternary Res, Cambridge CB2 3RS, England
[8] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA
来源
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY | 1992年 / 7卷 / 06期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
D O I
10.1029/92PA02253
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
Time series of ocean properties provide a measure of global ice volume and monitor key features of the wind-driven and density-driven circulations over the past 400,000 years. Cycles with periods near 23,000, 41,000, and 100,000 years dominate this climatic narrative. When the narrative is examined in a geographic array of time series, the phase of each climatic oscillation is seen to progress through the system in essentially the same geographic sequence in all three cycles. We argue that the 23,000- and 41,000-year cycles of glaciation are continuous, linear responses to orbitally driven changes in the Arctic radiation budget; and we use the phase progression in each climatic cycle to identify the main pathways along which the initial, local responses to radiation are propagated by the atmosphere and ocean. Early in this progression, deep waters of the Southern Ocean appear to act as a carbon trap. To stimulate new observations and modeling efforts, we offer a process model that gives a synoptic view of climate at the four end-member states needed to describe the system's evolution, and we propose a dynamic system model that explains the phase progression along causal pathways by specifying inertial constants in a chain of four subsystems. Solutions to problems involving systems of such complexity are not born full grown like Athena from the head of Zeus. Rather they evolve slowly, in stages, each of which requires a pause to examine data at great lengths in order to guarantee a sure footing and to properly choose the next step. - Victor P. Starr
引用
收藏
页码:701 / 738
页数:38
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