Factors governing the occurrence of trace amounts of residual organic substance emissions (ROSEs) in full-scale incinerators are not fully understood. Pilot-scale spray combustion experiments involving some liquid chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) and their dilute mixtures with hydrocarbons (HC) were undertaken at the USEPA's Center Hill Laboratory. Individual droplet-burning characteristics of CHCs and HCs were also studied at the University of California, Davis on a more fundamental level to isolate and identify potentially important phenomena. The practical implications of the experimental observations on incinerability ranking, formation of ROSEs, and strategies for reducing ROSEs are discussed.