GABA MEDIATION OF THE DUAL EFFECTS OF SOMATOSTATIN ON GUINEA-PIG ILEAL MYENTERIC CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION

Somatostatin (SS) has both excitatory and inhibitory actions on myenteric cholinergic transmission, which are mimicked by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). We hypothesized that both effects of SS are mediated by neural GABA pathways. In guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus, SS evoked [H-3]-GABA release verifying GABA neural activation. SS (10(-9)-10(-5) M) stimulation of atropine-sensitive ileal contraction and evocation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive [H-3]acetylcholine (ACh) release was mimicked by the GABA(A) agonist muscimol but not the GABA(B) agonist baclofen. SS (10(-7) M)-evoked contraction and [H-3]ACh release were markedly reduced by the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline (10(-5) M) but not the GABA(B) antagonist phaclofen. Cholecystokinin (CCK) evokes ileal contraction via an atropine-sensitive pathway and stimulates ACh release via adenylate cyclase activation. SS inhibited contraction and release evoked by CCK (10(-7) M). These inhibitory actions were reversed by phaclofen but not bicuculline and were mimicked by baclofen but not muscimol. Pertussis toxin (200 ng/ml for 3 h) reversed the inhibitory effects of SS and baclofen on CCK-stimulated contraction and release. In conclusion, SS modulates ileal cholinergic pathways by stimulation of GABA neural pathways. The excitatory action of SS is mediated by GABA(A) receptors, whereas the inhibitory action utilizes GABA(B) receptors via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.