EXPERIMENTAL POLICIES FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE EVERGLADES

Marshland drainage and water regulation have greatly altered the Florida Everglades. One of the most visible ecological impacts has been a drastic decline in nesting populations of wading birds, and several specific hypotheses have been advanced to explain the decline. Recent efforts at ecological restoration have concentrated on reestablishing more natural seasonal hydropatterns in freshwater marsh areas now used extensively by the wading birds. However, nesting colonies were originally concentrated along the estuarine mangrove edge of the system rather than around upstream marshes. Hydrological simulation models have been used to reconstruct what hydrological conditions might have been like in the natural system, and these simulations indicate that freshwater pools near and flows to the estuary have been drastically reduced, especially late in the annual spring drying season. An experimental program of increased water releases to the estuary could be used to test whether estuarine restoration is a necessary condition for recovery of wading bird populations. This program would require a substantial commitment to deliver runoff from the Everglades Agricultural Area into the marshes, and to minimize water diversions for flood control and well field recharge.