A NOMENCLATURAL REVIEW OF DREISSENA (BIVALVIA, DREISSENIDAE), WITH IDENTIFICATION OF THE QUAGGA MUSSEL AS DREISSENA-BUGENSIS

A review of systematic literature and examination of type material of Dreissena (Paleontological Institute, Moscow) revealed that the quagga mussel corresponds to the original description and type specimens of Dreissena bugensis Andrusov, 1897. Russian classifications have treated D. bugensis as a full species or as a subspecies of D. rostriformis Deshayes, 1838. Dreissena rostriformis is the type species of the subgenus Pontodreissena. Dreissena rostriformis rostriformis is regarded as extinct, with two lineages derived from it still living: Dreissena bugensis, in the Dnieper and Bug rivers and the estuary where they enter the Black Sea, and D. rostriformis grimmi, in the southern Caspian Sea. These lineages differ in morphology, coloration, maximum adult size, and salinity tolerance and are therefore regarded as separate species. We adopt the name Dreissena (Pontodreissena) bugensis for the quagga mussel and designate and illustrate lectotypes for D. bugensis and other dreissenid taxa named by Andrusov. Including D. rostriformis and D. bugensis, seven living species of Dreissena are currently recognized. The nomenclatural histories of these species are summarized and the supraspecific classification of dreissenids is reviewed.