Stable monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films of functionalized fullerenes

C-60, derivatized by the bis(ethyl), 4a, the bis(n-propyl), 4b, the bis(dodecyl), 4c, and the bis(triethyeleneglycol monomethyl ether), 4d, esters of malonic acid was spread on water surfaces in a Langmuir film balance. The formation of high quality and stable monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films, with transfer ratios close to unity, was demonstrated only from 4d by determinations of the surface pressure vs surface area isotherms, absorption spectra, and the Brewster angle and atomic force microscopic images.