CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BIOMECHANICS OF PLANTS .1. STABILITIES OF PLANT STEMS WITH STRENGTHENING ELEMENTS OF DIFFERENT CROSS-SECTIONS AGAINST WEIGHT AND WIND FORCES

被引:56
作者
SPECK, T [1 ]
SPATZ, HC [1 ]
VOGELLEHNER, D [1 ]
机构
[1] UNIV FREIBURG, INST BIOL 3, W-7800 FREIBURG, GERMANY
来源
BOTANICA ACTA | 1990年 / 103卷 / 01期
关键词
compound material; functional anatomy of plant stems; Mechanical loads on plants; second moments of area; bending effectivity;
D O I
10.1111/j.1438-8677.1990.tb00136.x
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Biophysical considerations allow estimates of the mechanical stresses on self‐bearing vertical stems of plants. Even at moderate wind velocities the stresses induced by aerodynamic forces dominate over those induced by the own weight. Using polar coordinates, analytical expressions of cross‐sectional area and axial second moment of area for centrisymmetric structures with symmetries threefold or higher are derived. Calculating the relative section modulus for various (centrisymmetric) arrangements of stabilizing structures leads to an estimate of the “mechanical effectivity” of these structures. If for plant stems, seen as composite materials, the second moments of area and the elastic moduli are known, the contribution of the different tissues to mechanical stability can be determined quantitatively. The mechanical design of early “vascular” land plants and of stems of (fossil) trees and lianas in different ontogenetic stages can be assessed. 1990 Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft/German Botanical Society
引用
收藏
页码:111 / 122
页数:12
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