The genus Bolboschoenus (Ascherson) Palla, a segregate from Scirpus L. sensu lato, is considered for the geographical area of the Flora of southern Africa. Two species are recognized. B. maritimus (L.) Palla is widespread and variable; B. nobilis (Ridley) Goetghebeur & D.A. Simpson is restricted to Namibia. Descriptions, known distributional areas and ecological notes are given for both species, as is a key for identification. Electron micrographs of achenes and achene surfaces are provided.