FLEAS AND CONTROL METHODS

Over 2,000 species of fleas parasitise mammals and birds. A simplified study of their morphology indicates for the main identification criteria. After listing the main families of fleas, the author outlines the identification of species most often encountered by veterinarians. Knowledge of the different types of flea parasitism and their life cycles is essential for effective control measures. Control is justified by the direct and indirect pathogenic roles of fleas (transmission of plague, tularaemia, myxomatosis, Dipylidium caninum). Effective agents are organochlorine compounds, organophosphorus compounds, pyrethroids and insect growth regulators, available in various formulations to destroy parasitic fleas on animals or in the environment. A novel method is to administer a systemic growth regulator to dogs and cats, which persists in the bloodstream and inhibits the reproduction of fleas which feed on a treated animal. Advantages and disadvantages of each formulation are presented.