DIRECT RETINAL PROJECTIONS TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS, PIRIFORM CORTEX, AND ACCESSORY OPTIC NUCLEI IN THE GOLDEN-HAMSTER AS DEMONSTRATED BY A SENSITIVE ANTEROGRADE HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE TECHNIQUE

The central projections of the retinal ganglion cells of the golden hamster were examined using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as the anterograde tracer molecule. Following monocular injections of HRP into the vitreous, retinofugal fibers were histochemically demonstrated using the chromagen tetramethylbenzidine. This procedure, being more sensitive than the 3H-amino acid radioautographic technique, provided a clear demonstration of previously controversial retinal projections, clearer definition of established projections and the discovery of new retinal pathways. An inferior accessory optic system was unequivocally present in this species and consisted of both crossed and uncrossed components. A direct retinal projection to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus was confirmed. The distribution of terminals as seen by this procedure was substantially different than previously reported; both rostrocaudal and mediolateral asymmetries in the distribution of label between the ipsilateral and contralateral SCN were observed. Substantial differences in the retinal projection to the SCN in the hamster and the rat were also noted. These differences may reflect the different effects photic input has on the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis in these 2 species. Labeled retinal axons were followed leaving the optic tract and coursing anteriorly through the plexiform layer of the pyriform cortex; other labeled fibers were seen to enter the septal region. The physiological significance of these previously undescribed retinal projections is not known.