SUPPLY OF NUTRIENT IONS BY DIFFUSION TO PLANT ROOTS IN SOIL .2. EFFECT OF ROOT HAIRS ON UPTAKE OF POTASSIUM BY ROOTS OF RYE GRASS (LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM)

Observation of soil grown roots of rye-grass shows that an approximately cylindrical volume of soil, the root hair cylinder, is densely occupied by root hairs. Estimates are given of the concentration of labile and solution potassium within the root hair cylinder during experiments measuring potassium uptake from two soils by single roots. Calculations, using a diffusion model, suggest that labile potassium concentrations may be reduced to between 99.3 and 53 per cent of the initial, depending on the diffusion characteristics of the soil and nutrient demand by the root. Of the total potassium absorbed by a root in 4 days, the proportion which is supplied from within the root hair cylinder is small (0.8 to 6.3 per cent) indicating that diffusion to the root from the soil outside the root hair cylinder is of paramount importance. When root demand is high, diffusion appears to limit uptake to between 71 and 59 per cent of that which roots of comparable physiology would be expected to absorb from stirred solution of the same concentration. Nevertheless, the presence of root hairs is calculated to have enhanced uptake by up to 77 per cent compared with roots without hairs because they virtually increase the root diameter. Diffusion does not appear to be a limiting factor when root demand is low and hairs can then add little to the efficiency of the root system in potassium absorption. © 1969 Martinus Nijhoff.