ANIMATE MODELS OF HUMAN HEAD-INJURY

A review of animal models of nonpenetrating head injury caused by mechanical energy is presented that focuses on the ability of various categories of models and their relationships to the types of head injury seen in humans. Basic hypotheses of animal modeling of human disease and outcome measures are addressed. Current models are reviewed and compared for their differences and similarities regarding behavioral, pathologic, physiologic, and biochemical fidelity to human head injury.