A DOSAGE-DEPENDENT SUPPRESSOR OF A TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE CALMODULIN MUTANT ENCODES A PROTEIN RELATED TO THE FORK HEAD FAMILY OF DNA-BINDING PROTEINS

The cmd1-1 mutation of calmodulin causes temperature-sensitive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have isolated a dosage-dependent suppressor of cmd1-1, designated HCM1. Twentyfold overexpression of HCM1 permits strains carrying cmd1-1 to grow at temperatures up to and including 34-degrees-C but does not suppress the lethality of either cmd1-1 at higher temperatures or the deletion of CMD1. Thus, overexpression of HCM1 does not bypass the requirement for calmodulin but enhances the ability of the mutant calmodulin to function. HCM1 is not essential for growth, but deletion of HCM1 exacerbates the phenotype of a strain carrying cmd1-1. HCM1 is located on chromosome III, which was recently sequenced. Our results correct errors in the published DNA sequence. The putative polypeptide encoded by HCM1 is 564 amino acids long and has a predicted molecular weight of 63,622. Antisera prepared against Hcmlp detect a protein that is overproduced in yeast strains overexpressing HCM1 and has an apparent molecular mass of 65 kDa. Eighty-six amino acid residues in the N terminus of Hcmlp show 50% identity with a DNA-binding region of the fork head family of DNA-binding proteins. When fused to the DNA-binding domain of Gal4p, residues 139 to 511 of Hcmlp can act as a strong activator of transcription. However, overexpression of HCM1 does not affect the expression of calmodulin. Furthermore, Hcmlp does not bind to calmodulin in a gel overlay assay. Thus, overexpression of HCM1 enhances calmodulin function by an apparently indirect mechanism.