REAL-SPACE RENORMALIZATION-GROUP SCHEME FOR SPIN AND GAUGE SYSTEMS

We present a real-space renormalization-group scheme for both spin and gauge systems within a Hamiltonian formalism. The approximation, in particular, preserves gauge invariance at every step of the calculation. We apply this scheme to the (1 + 1)-dimensional Ising model in a transverse field and to the (2 + 1)-dimensional Ising gauge theory. We find reasonable results for the critical coupling and for those critical exponents which are related to energy gaps. We also obtain the correct qualitative behavior for order and disorder parameters and correlation functions. In particular, the calculation yields exponential decay for correlation functions in the disordered phase. However, the critical indices we find for spacelike quantities are not good. This defect of the approximation is related to the asymmetric scaling of space and time under the renormalization group. © 1979 The American Physical Society.