Beech-maple dynamics in an old-growth forest in southern Quebec, Canada

A study of forest succession was conducted in an 11 ha old-growth beech-maple stand located at the northern limit of the temperate deciduous forest of North America. Eventual changes in dominance were simulated from three transition matrix models based on understory composition or observed replacement in forest gaps. All the models suggested that the forest composition is not currently at equilibrium. If the transition tendency persists, American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) will sharply increase in abundance at the expense of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Possible mechanisms responsible for this replacement are discussed.