DAILY ESTIMATES OF SOIL INGESTION IN CHILDREN

被引:107
作者
STANEK, EJ
CALABRESE, EJ
机构
关键词
D O I
10.2307/3432549
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Soil ingestion estimates play an important, role in risk assessment of contaminated sites, and estimates of soil ingestion in children are of special interest. Current estimates of soil ingestion am trace-element specific and vary widely among elements. Although expressed as daily estimates, the actual estimates have been constructed by averaging soil ingestion over a study period of several days. The wide variability has resulted in uncertainty as to which method of estimation of soil ingestion is best. We developed a methodology for calculating a single estimate of soil ingestion for each subject for each day. Because the daily soil ingestion estimate represents the median estimate of eligible daily trace-element-specific soil ingestion estimates for each child, this median estimate is not trace-element specific. Summary estimates for individuals and weeks are calculated using these daily estimates. Using this methodology, the median daily soil ingestion estimate for 64 children participating in the 1989 Amherst soil ingestion study is 13 mg/day or less for, 50% of the children and 138 mg/day or less for 95% of the children. Mean soil ingestion estimates (for up to an 8-day period) were 45 mg/day or less for 50% of the children, whereas 95% of the children reported a mean soil ingestion of 208 mg/day or less. Daily soil ingestion estimates were used subsequently to estimate the mean and variance in soil ingestion for each child and to extrapolate a soil ingestion distribution over a year, assuming that soil ingestion followed a log-normal distribution.
引用
收藏
页码:276 / 285
页数:10
相关论文
共 19 条
[1]   ESTIMATING SOIL INGESTION - THE USE OF TRACER ELEMENTS IN ESTIMATING THE AMOUNT OF SOIL INGESTED BY YOUNG-CHILDREN [J].
BINDER, S ;
SOKAL, D ;
MAUGHAN, D .
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, 1986, 41 (06) :341-345
[2]   DISTINGUISHING OUTDOOR SOIL INGESTION FROM INDOOR DUST INGESTION IN A SOIL PICA CHILD [J].
CALABRESE, EJ ;
STANEK, ES .
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 1992, 15 (01) :83-85
[3]   HIGH-LEVELS OF EXPOSURE TO VANADIUM BY CHILDREN AGED 1-4 [J].
CALABRESE, EJ ;
STANEK, EJ .
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL, 1993, 28 (10) :2359-2371
[4]   HOW MUCH SOIL DO YOUNG-CHILDREN INGEST - AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY [J].
CALABRESE, EJ ;
BARNES, R ;
STANEK, EJ ;
PASTIDES, H ;
GILBERT, CE ;
VENEMAN, P ;
WANG, X ;
LASZTITY, A ;
KOSTECKI, PT .
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 1989, 10 (02) :123-137
[5]   A GUIDE TO INTERPRETING SOIL INGESTION STUDIES .2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE EVIDENCE OF SOIL INGESTION [J].
CALABRESE, EJ ;
STANEK, EJ .
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 1991, 13 (03) :278-292
[6]  
CALABRESE EJ, 1991, HYDROCARBON CONTAMIN, V1, P301
[7]  
CALABRESE EJ, IN PRESS ENV HLTH PE
[8]  
CALABRESE EJ, 1990, PETROLEUM CONTAMINAT, V2, P363
[9]  
CLAUSING P, 1987, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, V59, P73, DOI 10.1007/BF00377681
[10]   QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATES OF SOIL INGESTION IN NORMAL-CHILDREN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 2-YEARS AND 7-YEARS - POPULATION-BASED ESTIMATES USING ALUMINUM, SILICON, AND TITANIUM AS SOIL TRACER ELEMENTS [J].
DAVIS, S ;
WALLER, P ;
BUSCHBOM, R ;
BALLOU, J ;
WHITE, P .
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, 1990, 45 (02) :112-122