FLUXES OF CHEMICAL-SPECIES TO THE GREENLAND ICE-SHEET AT SUMMIT BY FOG AND DRY DEPOSITION

被引:28
作者
BERGIN, MH
JAFFREZO, JL
DAVIDSON, CI
CALDOW, R
DIBB, J
机构
[1] CNRS,LAB GLACIOL & GEOPHYS ENVIRONNEMENT,F-38402 ST MARTIN DHERES,FRANCE
[2] TSI INC,ST PAUL,MN 55126
[3] UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,INST STUDY EARTH OCEANS & SPACE,DURHAM,NH 03824
关键词
D O I
10.1016/0016-7037(94)90048-5
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
Experiments were performed during June-July 1992 to determine the impact of dry deposition and fog deposition on surface snow chemical inventories. The fluxes of SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, MSA, Na, Ca, and Al were measured by collecting deposited fog on flat polyethylene plates. Dry deposition fluxes of SO42- were measured using aerodynamic surfaces. Real-time concentrations of atmospheric particles greater than 0.5 um and greater than 0.01 um were measured using continuous monitors. Filter samplers were used to determine daily average atmospheric SO42- and MSA concentrations. Also, daily surface snow samples were taken and analyzed for SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Na+, Ca2+, and NH4+. The real-time concentration data indicate that aerosol particles greater than 0.5 um are efficiently incorporated into fog droplets. Results also show that condensation nuclei (CN) are not as greatly affected by fog as the larger particles. Fog fluxes of SO42- and NO3- have similar values and are approximately 4 times greater than those of Cl-, an order of magnitude greater than those of MSA, Na, and Ca, and two orders of magnitude greater than those of Al. The fog deposition flux of SO42- appears to be much greater than the dry deposition flux, based on experimental data. This indicates that dry deposition has a negligible effect on surface snow SO42- concentrations on days when there is fog. Such a finding is consistent with significant increases in surface snow SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ inventories seen after fog events. Cl- surface snow inventories are affected by fog but not as greatly. Variation in surface snow chemical inventories makes it difficult to obtain quantitative estimates of daily chemical fluxes. Surface snow Ca2+ and Na+ are relatively unaffected by post snowfall processes due to low atmospheric concentrations relative to the amount of material in fresh snow. Model results suggest that the fog fluxes have been underestimated by the current sampling technique.
引用
收藏
页码:3207 / 3215
页数:9
相关论文
共 30 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], 2011, MICROPHYSICS CLOUDS
[2]   VOSTOK ICE CORE PROVIDES 160,000-YEAR RECORD OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 [J].
BARNOLA, JM ;
RAYNAUD, D ;
KOROTKEVICH, YS ;
LORIUS, C .
NATURE, 1987, 329 (6138) :408-414
[3]  
BELL DA, 1991, ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN, V25, P801
[4]  
BORYS RD, 1992, PRECIPITATION SCAVEN, V3, P1693
[5]   A CLEAN LABORATORY FOR ULTRALOW CONCENTRATION HEAVY-METAL ANALYSIS [J].
BOUTRON, CF .
FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 1990, 337 (05) :482-491
[6]  
Davidson C.I., 1990, ACID PRECIPITATION, V3, P103, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-4454-7_5
[7]   CHEMICAL-CONSTITUENTS IN THE AIR AND SNOW AT DYE-3, GREENLAND .2. ANALYSIS OF EPISODES IN APRIL 1989 [J].
DAVIDSON, CI ;
JAFFREZO, JL ;
MOSHER, BW ;
DIBB, JE ;
BORYS, RD ;
BODHAINE, BA ;
RASMUSSEN, RA ;
BOUTRON, CF ;
DUCROZ, FM ;
CACHIER, M ;
DUCRET, J ;
COLIN, JL ;
HEIDAM, NZ ;
KEMP, K ;
HILLAMO, R .
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS, 1993, 27 (17-18) :2723-2737
[8]   TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS OF SOURCE REGIONS INFLUENCING THE SOUTH GREENLAND ICE-SHEET DURING THE DYE-3 GAS AND AEROSOL SAMPLING PROGRAM [J].
DAVIDSON, CI ;
JAFFREZO, JL ;
SMALL, MJ ;
SUMMERS, PW ;
OLSON, MP ;
BORYS, RD .
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS, 1993, 27 (17-18) :2739-2749
[9]   SEASONAL-VARIATIONS IN SULFATE, NITRATE AND CHLORIDE IN THE GREENLAND ICE-SHEET - RELATION TO ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS [J].
DAVIDSON, CI ;
HARRINGTON, JR ;
STEPHENSON, MJ ;
SMALL, MJ ;
BOSCOE, FP ;
GANDLEY, RE .
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 1989, 23 (11) :2483-2493
[10]  
DAVIDSON CI, 1993, ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN, V27, P2707