Recent studies on the synthesis of condensation polymers by using transition metal catalysts such as palladium, nickel, ruthenium, and others are reviewed from a viewpoint of new synthetic methods for condensation polymers. This article deals with the following subjects : 1) Pd-catalyzed carbon-carbon coupling polycondensation, 2) Pd- or Ni-catalyzed polycondensation via transmetallation, 3) Pd-catalyzed carbonylation polycondensation, 4) polycondensation via pi-allyl Pd intermediates, 5) Ni-catalyzed aromatic homocoupling polycondensation, 6) Ru-catalyzed polycondensation, and 7) polycondensation using other transition metal catalysts.