STONE TOOLS, TOOLKITS, AND HUMAN-BEHAVIOR IN PREHISTORY

Stone artefacts are usually privileged witnesses, and often the sole preserved witnesses of prehistoric man and his activities. The study of artefacts is ordinarily restricted to typology, ie. description, classification, and comparison of these artefacts clustered into assemblages with a view to defining industries and, hence, prehistoric cultures. This approach is somewhat limited, as it registers differences or resemblances between the assemblages provided by the excavations without being able to explain them. This article illustrates the possibilities afforded by some recent research approaches applied to the study of a prehistoric site. Palaeotopographical study allows the delineation of some archaeological structures the relations of which in space and time are established by the refitting of the lithic industry. This latter method also makes possible the reconstruction of all the stages of the evolution of stone tools, from their conception to their rejection. Finally, the analysis of microwear traces leads to the identification of the function of prehistoric tools. It has been possible to recognize specialized toolkits for hide working and for the preparation of bone and antler implements and to determine the activities performed in various areas of the occupation floor. The combination of these three methods provides some new keys for the decoding of the archaeological record and constitutes a dynamic approach to prehistoric man through his relics.- English summary