Labeled amino acids were incorporated into isolated HeLa cell nuclei in vitro in the presence of a cytoplasmic pH 5 fraction and an energy generating system. Autoradiographically, the label appeared evenly distributed over the nuclei. Comparison of the nuclear and microsomal systems in vitro revealed differences in the ionic requirements for optimum function and in the polyacryl‐amide gel electrophoretic pattern of the proteins being synthesized. The inhibition of the protein synthesizing activity following inhibition of RNA synthesis in HeLa cells was more pronounced in the nuclear than in the microsomal system. Copyright © 1969, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved