POSSIBLE METHANE-INDUCED POLAR WARMING IN THE EARLY EOCENE

RECONSTRUCTIONS of early Eocene climate depict a world in which the polar environments support mammals and reptiles, deciduous forests, warm oceans and rare frost conditions 1-5. At the same time, tropical sea surface temperatures are interpreted to have been the same as or slightly cooler than present values 6. The question of how to warm polar regions of Earth without noticeably warming the tropics remains unresolved; increased amounts of greenhouse gases would be expected to warm all latitudes equally 7. Oceanic heat transport has been postulated as a mechanism for heating high latitudes 8-10, but it is difficult to explain the dynamics that would achieve this 7,11. Here we consider estimates of Eocene wetland areas and suggest that the flux of methane, an important greenhouse gas, may have been substantially greater during the Eocene than at present. Elevated methane concentrations would have enhanced early Eocene global warming, and also might specifically have prevented severe winter cooling of polar regions because of the potential of atmospheric methane to promote the formation of optically thick, polar stratospheric ice clouds 12-14.