A unique dermatan sulfate-like glycosaminoglycan from ascidian - Its structure and the effect of its unusual sulfation pattern on anticoagulant activity

A dermatan sulfate, similar to the mammalian glycosaminoglycans but not identical with any of them, has been isolated from the body of the ascidian Ascidia nigra. Degradation with chondroitin ABC lyase, analysis of the disaccharide products by digestion with chondro-4- and -6-sulfatases, and H-1 and C-13 NMR data confirm that the predominant structure is [4-alpha-L-IdoA-(2SO(4))-1-->3-beta-D-GalNAc(6SO(4))-1](n). Mammalian dermatan sulfate is an anticoagulant due to its ability to potentiate inhibition of thrombin by heparin cofactor II. The structure in dermatan sulfate which binds to heparin cofactor II is [4-alpha-L-IdoA-(2SO(4))-1-->3-beta-D-GalNAc(4SO(4))-1](n), where n greater than or equal to 3. We have compared the ascidian derma tan sulfate with mammalian dermatan sulfate and with chemically oversulfated mammalian dermatan sulfate for anticoagulant activity as measured by the activated partial thromboplastin time assay and for its ability to potentiate heparin cofactor II. In spite of its high content of 2-O-sulfated alpha-L-iduronic acid residues, the ascidian compound had no discernible anticoagulant activity and had low ability to potentiate heparin cofactor II. These results suggest that 4-O sulfation of the N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine residues is essential for the anticoagulant activity of dermatan sulfate.