X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON STUDIES OF CA, SR AND BA AND THEIR OXIDES AND CARBONATES

X-ray photoelectron studies were carried out for bulk samples of the metals Ca, Sr and Ba, their oxides formed on the metal surfaces and their carbonates in the energy range 0-1000 eV. The dependence of oxygen O1s electron binding energy E(b) (eV) on the inverse metal-oxygen distance (1/R(M-O), nm-1) was found for the oxides MO (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) to be E(b)(O1s) = 2.27/R(M-O) + 519.4 eV, where E(b) values are given relative to E(b)(C1s) = 285.0 eV. It was shown that fine structure features, attributed to the "giant Coster-Kronig fluctuation", in the spectra of Ba4p electrons vary a little on going from the metal to the oxide and the carbonate. Sensitivity factors k which are needed for elemental quantitative analysis by the equation n1/n2 = (I1/I2)k were measured for the oxides and carbonates studied, where n(i) represents the element concentration and I(i) represents the line intensity (i = 1, 2).