NEW THINKING ABOUT SODIUM AND THE HEART

The effect of sodium on the cardiovascular system has been extensively studied. Dietary intake of sodium has been shown to be a major influence in the development of high blood pressure, with the associated pathologies of left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and other related vascular disorders. Animal and human models exhibiting abnormal cardiovascular response to salt and volume loads have been identified The predominant defects are an inability of the kidneys to respond with appropriate natriuresis or an inability to appropriately dilate vascular beds. Multiple mechanisms affect these parameters including the renin-angiotensin system, the sympathic and parasympathetic nervous system, and newly identified endogenous mediators. Current research is focusing on the identification of these mechanisms is potential markers for cardiovascular risk, with the goal of improved diagnosis and therapy, and decreased mortality.