An in vitro amino acid polymerization system from brain is described in the present study. Using 14C-phe-tRNA as substrate, complete dependencies on poly-U, soluble enzymes and GTP have been obtained. The activity of brain ribosomes compares favorably with E. coli ribosomes and the brain system lends itself to studies on the mechanism of polypeptide synthesis in mammalian tissues. Oxidized catecholamines in low concentrations inhibit the polymerization reaction under the conditions used. © 1969.