RAINFALL ESTIMATION IN THE SAHEL - THE EPSAT-NIGER EXPERIMENT

被引：87

作者：

LEBEL, T

SAUVAGEOT, H

HOEPFFNER, M

DESBOIS, M

GUILLOT, B

HUBERT, P

机构：

[1] ORSTOM, Niamey, BP 11416, Mission au Niger

[2] Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Centre de Recherches Atmosphériques, Campistrous, 65300, Lannemezan

[3] ORSTOM, Laboratoire d Hydrologie, Montpellier

[4] Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Palaiseau

[5] ORSTOM, Centre de Météorologie Spatiale, Lannion, 22302, BP 147, cedex

[6] URA CNRS 1367, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Fontainebleau, 77305

来源：

HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES | 1992年 / 37卷 / 03期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1080/02626669209492582

中图分类号：

TV21 [水资源调查与水利规划];

学科分类号：

081501 ;

摘要：

EPSAT-NIGER (Estimation of Precipitation by SATellite - NIGER experiment) has been designed to improve the understanding of the precipitation systems of Sudano-Sahelian Africa and to develop operational rainfall estimation algorithms for this region. It is based on the combined use of a very dense raingauge network (93 gauges over a study area of 16 000 km2) and a C-band weather radar system. The experiment is scheduled to last three years, 1990-1992. The network pattern, a regular grid with nodes spaced at 12.5 km and a 16 gauge target area where the distance between stations is decreased to 1 km, has allowed for some preliminary studies on the rainfall distribution at various space and time scales. Whereas the long term average rainfall gradient is uniform, rainfall increasing north to south, a single rainy season can be markedly different. The local variability may be extremely large. That variability is enhanced at smaller sampling time steps and the computation of reference areal rainfall for satellite imagery validation is extremely sensitive to the design of the ground-based validation system. The joint processing of gauge and radar data has led to the identification of a few typical features of the drop size distribution of the African squall lines, which could lead to deriving specific algorithms for radar calibration in this region. The data provided by EPSAT-NIGER will be used in various international projects for the assessment of water input from the atmosphere to the continent over the Sahel.

引用

页码：201 / 215

页数：15

共 25 条

[1]

Barrett E.C., Martin D.W., The Use of Satellite Data in Rainfall Monitoring, (1981)

[2]

Bell T.L., Abdullah A., Martin R.L., North G.R., Sampling errors for satellite-derived tropical rainfall: Monte Carlo study using a space-time stochastic model, J. Geophys. Res, 95, D3, pp. 2195-2205, (1990)

[3]

Carn M., Lahuec J.P., Estimation des précipitationsau Niger au cours de la saison des pluies 1986 à partir de l’imagerie IR METEOSAT. Bilan et critique des méthodes utilisées, Veille Clim. Satel, 17, pp. 40-48, (1987)

[4]

Chamsi N., Sauvageot H., Variabilité spatio-temporelledes paramètres de la relation Z-R dans les lignes de grains tropicales, Veille Clim. Satel, 27, pp. 16-18, (1989)

[5]

Dugdale G., Mc Dougall V.D., Milford J.R., Rainfall estimates in the Sahel from cold cloud statistics: Accuracy and limitations of operational systems, Soil Water Balance in the Sudano-Sahelianzone, pp. 65-74, (1991)

[6]

Griffith C.G., Augustine J.A., Woodley W.L., Satellite rain estimation in the US high plains, J. Appl. Meteorol, 20, pp. 53-66, (1981)

[7]

Griffith C.G., The Estimation from Satellite Imagery of Summertime Rainfall over Varied Space and Time Scales, (1987)

[8]

Hubert P., Carbonnel J.P., Dimensions fractal es de 1’occurrence de pluie en climat soudano-sahélien, Hydrol. Continent, 4, pp. 3-10, (1989)

[9]

Hubert P., Carbonnel J.P., Fractal characterizationof intertropical variability and anisotropy, Non Linear Variability in Geophysics, pp. 209-213, (1991)

[10]

Hubert P., Thiao W., Cadet D., Carbonnel J.P., Desbois M., Comparaison des données satellitaires infrarouge et des mesures au sol concernant l’épisode pluvieux du 12 au 13 juin 1986 dans la région de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), Veille Clim. Satel, 20, pp. 31-36, (1987)

← 1 2 3 →