Human umbilical vein endothelial cells: A new source and potential target for corticotropin-releasing factor

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a key role in the modulation of fetal-placental unit function during human pregnancy. CRF has a potent vasoactive action on fetal-placental circulation. As products secreted from endothelial cells affect vascular wall reactivity, we investigated whether cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) may represent a source and a target for CRF. With RT-PCR we showed that HUVEC express CRF and CRF receptor type 2 messenger ribonucleic acids. Cultured HUVEC also released CRF peptide in a time-dependent way, and the CRF release was differently regulated by various molecules. Dexamethasone decreased CRF release, whereas progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol markedly increased it. Forskolin and PGF(2 alpha) were potent stimulators of CRF release from HUVEC. Among the peptides, CRF secretion was stimulated by interleukin-1 beta and by endothelin-1. Our study shows for the first time that HUVEC express CRF messenger ribonucleic acid and peptide as well as the CRF R2 gene, and that CRF release is differentially regulated by several distinct molecules. We here propose that CRF has a role in the regulation of the fetal-placental circulation.