Desal-5 is a thin-film membrane developed by Desalination Systems, Inc. It falls into the overlap region between reverse osmosis and ultra-filtration with an approximate molecular weight cut-off of 150 to 200 for uncharged molecules. Multivalent anions are highly rejected by the membrane. Depending upon the ionic makeup of the water, divalent cations may also be highly rejected while monovalent ions are allowed to pass. These unique properties make the Desal-5 membrane ideal for a number of industrial separation and purification applications and for hardness and sulfate removal from natural waters. This paper discusses the softening properties of the Desal-5 membrane along with calculations illustrating how softening efficiency may be estimated for specific feed streams.