Thermodynamics of Electrolytes. III. Activity and Osmotic Coefficients for 2-2 Electrolytes

被引:550
作者
Pitzer, Kenneth S. [1 ]
Mayorga, Guillermo
机构
[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Inorgan Mat Res Div, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
关键词
Activity coefficient; osmotic coefficient; thermodynamics; electrolytes; aqueous solutions; sulfate solutions;
D O I
10.1007/BF00648138
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The peculiar behavior of 2-2 and higher valence type electrolytes is discussed in terms of various theories some of which assume, while others do not, an equilibrium between separated ions and ion pairs as distinct chemical species. It is recognized that in some eases a distinct species of inner-shell ion pairs is indicated by spectroscopic or ultrasonic data. Nevertheless, there are many advantages in representing, if possible, the properties of these electrolytes by appropriate virial coefficients and without chemical association equilibria. It is shown that this is possible and is conveniently accomplished by the addition of one term to the equations of Parts I and H of this series. The coefficients of these equations are given for nine solutes. It is also noted that these equations have been successfully applied to mixed electrolytes involving one component of the 2-2-type.
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页码:539 / 546
页数:8
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