ACID-CATALYZED AND ALKALI-CATALYZED TANNIN-BASED RIGID FOAMS

Acid- and alkali-catalyzed polyflavonoid tannin-based rigid foams were prepared. These foams have comparable physical and mechanical properties to the synthetic phenolic rigid foam used as a comparative standard. The fluid polymer phase was based on a mimosa tannin-formaldehyde resin with a minor addition of a fortifier resin. Expansion of the fluid phase was brought about by a physical blowing agent, whereas dimensional stabilization was achieved through cross-linking at the desired density. In the case of the acid-catalyzed foam, a heat-generating agent in the form of furfuryl alcohol was employed. The polymer composition of tannin-formaldehyde/urea-formaldehyde systems as a function of pH was predicted from the respective gel times and rate constants, i.e., about pH 7, the copolymer proportion will tend to 100% and, that at pH 3.4, the polymer blend proportion will tend to a maximum. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.