HIGH-SENSITIVITY NORMAL AND RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY - APPLICATIONS TO TRANSIENT ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Several spectrometer and detector combinations are compared for Raman spectroelectrochemistry, including single, double, and triple spectrometers with photomultiplier or intensified linear diode array detectors. Criteria for comparison included quantum yield, throughput, collection efficiency, and ultimately performance for static or dynamic examination of electrogenerated Raman scatterers. The most sensitive arrangement was a single monochromator with a fixed-wave-length photon-counting detection system, which was able to detect an electrogenerated normal Raman scatterer after less than 10 ms of electrolysis (corresponding to 1 multiplied by 10** minus **1**1 mol in the laser beam).