STAINING SECTIONS OF WATER-MISCIBLE RESINS .2. EFFECTS OF STAINING-REAGENT LIPOPHILICITY ON THE STAINING OF GLYCOL-METHACRYLATE-EMBEDDED TISSUES

Glycol methacrylate (GMA) sections of animal tissues were stained with a group of twenty-seven reagents of very varied chemical characteristics. The artefactual background staining of the resin was found to be dependent on the hydrophilic/lipophilic character of the staining reagent, as estimated from the logarithm of its octanol-water partition coefficient (log P). Intense background staining occurred with lipophilic stains, whose log P > 2. In keeping with this, use of GMA semi-permeable membranes for enzyme histochemistry failed to give staining when using a lipophilic substrate, probably because the substrate was trapped in the membrane. An analysis of other routine histochemical stains-in terms of the probable occurrence of high resin background staining and low tissue sensitivity-is made. A numerical guide is provided to help avoid artefacts resulting from hydrophobic and size effects. Note: small, hydrophilic reagents (log P < 0; molecular weight < 550 Da) are least likely to show either type of artefact. Conversely, reagents which are lipophilic, or/and of intermediate size (log P > 2; 550 < ionic weight < 1000 Da), give strong background staining.