SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON PROCESSES AFFECTING BYPASS FLOW

Bypass flow in structured soils is dominated by soil hydrological processes, such as rain intensity, initial pressure head of the soil, surface storage of rain, horizontal contact area and absorption rate, and hydraulic conductivity of the soil matrix. This study was conducted to determine the relative impact of these processes in different soil types. A quasi 3-dimensional simulation model was used to calculate the effects of these soil hydrological input parameters on surface infiltration, macropore flow (with related horizontal absorption) and drainage. For light textured soils, surface infiltration was the most important term in the water balance. Heavy textured soils, in contrast, had drainage as the main term. In the latter soils bypass flow, when occurring, was almost equal to the amount of rain applied, indicating that absorption processes were strongly reduced. Lateral absorption on macropore walls was a minor fraction in the total mass balances, due to limited contact area and relatively weak diffusivity forces. Surface infiltration is a crucial parameter in bypass flow and is mainly dependent on rain intensity, initial pressure head and conductivity of the soil matrix. This requires measurement methods for hydraulic conductivity that specifically consider the effect of macropores.