ADULT AGE-DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTUALLY BASED, BUT NOT CONCEPTUALLY BASED IMPLICIT TESTS OF MEMORY

被引:30
作者
SMALL, BJ
HULTSCH, DF
MASSON, MEJ
机构
[1] Department of Psychology, University of Victoria
来源
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES | 1995年 / 50卷 / 03期
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
D O I
10.1093/geronb/50B.3.P162
中图分类号
R592 [老年病学]; C [社会科学总论];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 100203 ;
摘要
Implicit tests of memory assess the influence of recent experience without requiring awareness of remembering. Evidence concerning age differences on implicit tests of memory suggests small age differences in favor of younger adults. However, the majority of research examining this issue has relied upon perceptually based implicit tests. Recently, a second type of implicit test, one that relies upon conceptually based processes, has been identified. The pattern of age differences on this second type of implicit test is less clear. In the present study, we examined the pattern of age differences on one conceptually based (fact completion) and one perceptually based (stem completion) implicit test of memory, as well as two explicit tests of memory (fact and word recall). Tasks were administered to 403 adults from three age groups (19-34 years, 58-73 years, 74-89 years). Significant age differences in favor of the young were found on stem completion but not fact completion. Age differences were present for both word and fact recall. Correlational analyses examining the relationship of memory performance to other cognitive variables indicated that the implicit tests were supported by different components than the explicit tests, as well a being different from each other.
引用
收藏
页码:P162 / P170
页数:9
相关论文
共 34 条
[1]   COMPONENTS OF FLUENT READING [J].
BADDELEY, A ;
LOGIE, R ;
NIMMOSMITH, I ;
BRERETON, N .
JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE, 1985, 24 (01) :119-131
[2]  
BATTIG WF, 1969, J EXPT PSYCHOL MON 2, V80
[3]   INVESTIGATING DISSOCIATIONS AMONG MEMORY MEASURES - SUPPORT FOR A TRANSFER-APPROPRIATE PROCESSING FRAMEWORK [J].
BLAXTON, TA .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION, 1989, 15 (04) :657-668
[4]   ADULT AGE-DIFFERENCES IN IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MEMORY - TIME COURSE AND ENCODING EFFECTS [J].
CHIARELLO, C ;
HOYER, WJ .
PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING, 1988, 3 (04) :358-366
[5]   PRESERVED LEARNING AND RETENTION OF PATTERN-ANALYZING SKILL IN AMNESIA - DISSOCIATION OF KNOWING HOW AND KNOWING THAT [J].
COHEN, NJ ;
SQUIRE, LR .
SCIENCE, 1980, 210 (4466) :207-210
[6]  
Ekstrom RB., 1976, ED TESTING SERVICE
[7]   ACTIVATION MAKES WORDS MORE ACCESSIBLE, BUT NOT NECESSARILY MORE RETRIEVABLE [J].
GRAF, P ;
MANDLER, G .
JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR, 1984, 23 (05) :553-568
[8]  
Graf P., 1993, IMPLICIT MEMORY NEW
[9]   DATA-DRIVEN AND CONCEPTUALLY DRIVEN PROCESSES IN PARTIAL-WORD IDENTIFICATION AND RECOGNITION [J].
HASHTROUDI, S ;
FERGUSON, SA ;
RAPPOLD, VA ;
CHROSNIAK, LD .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION, 1988, 14 (04) :749-757
[10]   CATEGORY NORMS - COMPARISON OF THE BATTIG AND MONTAGUE (1969) NORMS WITH THE RESPONSES OF ADULTS BETWEEN THE AGES OF 20 AND 80 [J].
HOWARD, DV .
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY, 1980, 35 (02) :225-231