INTERCALATION OF MONOMERS INTO ALPHA-TIN(IV) HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE AND THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-PRESSURES ON INTERCALATION

Monomers which contain unsaturated linkages and amine groups have been rapidly intercalated into α-tin (IV) hydrogen phosphate to form either mono- or bilayers. The monomer trans-N,N′-diethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine (NNBD) has been intercalated to form a monolayer (d002=1.35 nm) in which the amine groups are paired to protons on the opposite faces of the phosphate layers. The resultant compound has the formula Sn(C8H18N2)0.73(HPO4)2&middotH2O indicating the guest molecule NNBD covers a large proportion of the available protons, which are unavailable for further reaction. Allylamine forms a bilayer in which the formula of the resulting intercalation compound is Sn(C3H7N)2(HPO4)2&middotH2O which indicates that uniform bilayers are formed (d002=1.67 nm) and there is little or no covering effect. There may be some overlap of the double bonds in the layer of the guest molecule. Some intercalation reactions have been studied at high pressure (5 kbar). With acrylonitrile and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), there is little effect on intercalation but with HMTA, high pressures greatly enhance surface modification.