CENTRAL PLACE FORAGING - A REAPPRAISAL OF THE LOADING EFFECT

被引:42
作者
CUTHILL, I
KACELNIK, A
机构
[1] UNIV OXFORD, EDWARD GREY INST, DEPT ZOOL, OXFORD OX1 3PS, ENGLAND
[2] UNIV CAMBRIDGE KINGS COLL, RES CTR, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ST, ENGLAND
关键词
D O I
10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80175-7
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Animals that provision a central place usually bring back larger loads when foraging far from home. This positive correlation between average load size and distance is typically explained as rate-maximizing behaviour in the face of a trade-off between travel costs and a decelerating rate of prey gain in food patches (the 'loading effect'). By using feeders to provide wild parent starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, with constant rates of prey loading, a positive load-distance correlation was shown to exist in the absence of a loading effect (experiment I). However, in a laboratory simulation where no load was transported (experiment II). the average number of prey eaten in patch visits by self-feeding starlings was invariant with travel distance, so the explanation of the load-distance correlation in experiment I must lie in featues peculiar to central place foraging. Bottlenecks in ingestion by chicks and interruption by visual detection of nest disturbance (experiment III) were rejected as causes of the correlation. Risks of dropping prey in flight appeared low, but the risk of kleptoparasitism received weak support. The travel-load size correlation may be an adaptive response to load transport costs, as return travel times increased with the load size being carried (experiment IV). © 1990 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
引用
收藏
页码:1087 / 1101
页数:15
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