OXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION

Metabolic gradients are known to influence cellular differentiation at critical junctures of development. The existence of these gradients will stimulate variations in the rate of generation of active oxygen metabolites by metabolic pathways. Recent evidence suggests that cellular oxidation can induce changes in gene expression during normal development. Conversely, antioxidants such as ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene are inhibitory to differentiation in many types of cells. One basis of oxidative influence on gene expression stems from changes in cellular calcium distribution.