EFFECTS OF INSULIN, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I, AND GONADOTROPINS ON BOVINE GRANULOSA-CELL PROLIFERATION, PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION, ESTRADIOL PRODUCTION, AND (OR) INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I PRODUCTION INVITRO

The objectives of the present studies were to determine the effect of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), testosterone, and FSH on proliferation, progesterone production, and(or) estradiol production of bovine granulosa cells. In addition, existence of IGF-I mRNA in granulosa cells and in vitro IGF-I production by granulosa cells were assessed. Cells from small (1 to 5 mm) and large (greater-than-or-equal-to 8 mm) follicles were collected from cattle and cultured for either 3 or 4 d. When cells from small follicles were cultured, insulin (.1 to 10 mug/mL) and IGF-I (100 to 400 ng/mL) increased (P < .05) cell numbers compared with controls. Insulin alone or IGF-I alone increased (P < .05) progesterone production per cell by several fold on d 4. In cells from both sizes of follicles, insulin (1 mug/mL), in the presence of FSH, increased estradiol production per cell. In contrast, IGF-I (100 ng/mL) inhibited estradiol production by cells from small follicles and stimulated estradiol production by cells from large follicles. Insulin-like growth factor II (100 ng/mL) and insulin at higher doses (greater-than-or-equal-to 5 mug/mL) had no effect on estradiol production by cells from small and large follicles. Granulosa cells contained four IGF-I mRNA transcripts and produced IGF-I in vitro. These results support the hypothesis that insulin and IGF-I may have direct local effects on bovine ovarian function, and that these effects are influenced by dose and size of follicle.