VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION AND NOCTURNAL MIGRATION OF ZOOPLANKTON IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEASONAL THERMOCLINE IN PATRAIKOS GULF

Vertical distribution and nocturnal migration of zooplankton species in relation to the development of the seasonal thermocline in the shallow waters (90 m) of Patraikos Gulf (Ionian Sea, Greece) were investigated using a WP-2 closing net. Juvenile and adult copepods accounted for a mean of 91% of the total collected in three sampling periods, i.e. May, July and September 1985. Ctenocalananus vanus, Paracalanus parvus and Oithona plumifera were the dominant copepods. The majority of the zooplankton tend to aggregate at the thermocline layer. Among copepods the two congeneric species Clausocalanus pergens and C. furcatus exhibited different migratory responses to the development of the thermocline. C. pergens occurred in the lower part of the thermocline and C. furcatus in the upper region or above. The diel vertical migration of all species could be divided into four types: (1) no vertical migration; (2) upward migration at night; (3) occasional migration; and (4) reverse migration (down at night). In July when the strongest thermocline developed, most zooplankters rose close to the surface at night. For most species, temperature discontinuity did not limit their diel migration. © 1990 Springer-Verlag.