ANATOMY OF THE SUPERFICIAL VENOUS SYSTEM

BACKGROUND. A number of informative anti detailed scientific communications have been published in recent years on the functional anatomy of the lower extremity venous system. OBJECTIVE. This paper is aimed at providing basic anatomic information for physicians interested in phlebology. It also highlights the new research areas and the changing concepts on the the pathophysiology of varicose veins. METHODS. The material is concentrated on observations made during duplex scan examination of the venous drainage of normal and abnormal limbs. RESULTS. The etiology and classification of varicose veins are discussed, followed by a description of the subcutaneous venous anatomy based upon ultrasound studies. The anatomy of venous reflux in different segments of the superficial venous system is examined in the light of recent duplex ultrasound findings. CONCLUSION. The presentation and treatment of varicose veins may vary depending on the anatomical distribution of valvular incompetence.