HEMODYNAMIC AND NEUROHUMORAL EFFECTS OF COLD PRESSOR TEST IN SEVERE HEART-FAILURE

The effect of a cold pressor test (CPT) on haemodynamics in relation to general and regional sympathetic activity and arginine vasopressin (AVP), was studied in eleven patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF). Compared to an age-matched control group (C), resting arterial plasma noradrenaline (NA) (419 +/- 77 vs. 182 +/- 15 pg ml-1), and adrenaline (A) (142 +/- 28 vs 54 +/- 10 pg ml-1) were higher (P < 0-05) in CHF. AVP showed no significant difference (14 +/- 4 vs. 9 +/- 4 pg ml-1). During CPT systolic and diastolic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance in-creased (P < 0-01), as did NA (DELTA-114 +/- 39 pg ml-1, P < 0.01), A (DELTA-33 +/- 10 Pg ml-1, P < 0.01) and heart rate (delta-10 beats min-1, P < 0.01). The myocardial v-a difference of NA decreased (P < 0.05), but was unchanged across the renal vascular bed during CPT. The a-v difference of NA in the hepatic vascular bed, and fractional extraction of A in the coronary sinus, renal and hepatic vascular beds remained unchanged during CPT. AVP did not change significantly and no change in cardiac index or left ventricular filling pressure was observed during CPT. These data suggest that despite an increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system at rest, a further increase in blood pressure and catecholamines took place during CPT. Thus, the effect of a CPT which activates the central sympathetic system seems not to be altered in patients with severe CHF.