Using Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis for High-Risk Processes at Three Community Hospitals

Background: An applied research firm collaborated with staff at three community hospitals to apply Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) to reduce the occurrence of adverse events associated with high-risk processes. The collaboration team, which developed its own FMECA approach, performed FMECAs for six processes, including prevention of patient falls, correct medication ordering and delivery of solid oral medication, and correct blood type transfusion for adult medical surgery patients. Development of FMECA Procedure and Tool: The hospitals followed eight specific steps to gather data, conduct FMECA sessions, and identify medical process weaknesses and risk reduction measures. Worksheets, including each step of the system process, success criteria, possible failure modes, causes of failure, frequency of failure, consequence of failure, and safeguards placed to avoid failure, were used to capture information during the FMECA sessions. Conclusions: On the basis of identified weaknesses, along with cost and other administrative considerations, medical process improvements were devised. Rules for devising improvements included improvements that help prevent the failure mode were better than those that mitigate the consequences, passive features that prevent failures were better than administrative controls, and improvements with the highest reliability were favored.