GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE AND MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATE ALPHA-V INTEGRIN EXPRESSION ON CULTURED HUMAN MACROPHAGES

The colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) greatly influence mature macrophage function in vitro: macrophage (M)-CSF induces maturation of monocytes and enhances differentiated cell function; granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF stimulates a variety of antimicrobial functions. In vivo M-CSF is thought to promote differentiation, and GM-CSF is thought to potentiate the inflammatory response. One mechanism by which these differential effects may be achieved is through the receptor-mediated interaction of macrophages with their extracellular matrix. Here we show that M-CSF induces specifically the expression of the alphavbeta5 integrin receptor, whereas GM-CSF rapidly induces mRNA and surface expression of the alphavbeta3 integrin. The M-CSF-treated cells acquire a flattened epitheloid phenotype, and on vitronectin the alphavbeta5 is located in adhesion plaques. These cells do not bind collagen or laminin. In contrast, cells treated with GM-CSF adopt an elongated phenotype on a number of substrates, including collagen and laminin, and express alphavbeta3 at the leading edge of cells on vitronectin. These results suggest that a primary means by which the CSFs exert their individual effects on mature cells may be through regulating integrin expression.