GYRO-PHASE EFFECTS NEAR THE STORM-TIME BOUNDARY OF ENERGETIC PLASMA

The non-adiabatic acceleration of plasma sheet ions during the expansion phase of substorms is examined by means of single-particle codes. It is shown that, in the near-Earth plasma sheet, the gyration phase at substorm onset controls the net ion energization, as the gyro-period is locally comparable to the field variation time scale. This can yield a particularly significant decrease of the particle magnetic moment. It is accordingly argued that, via adiabatic invariant violation, the dipolarization of magnetospheric field lines can induce a "de-trapping" of inner plasma sheet populations and, hence, give rise to short-lived precipitation enhancements over the auroral zone. As this effect depends upon cyclotron frequency, it is expected to occur at distinct latitudes for different ion species. This contrasts with non-adiabatic ion behavior further out into the geotail, which is characterized by intense perpendicular heating and a likely collective trapping.